![]() He tells a story to detectives about what happened on the night of an explosion. The Usual Suspects: This 1995 movie features Kevin Spacey as the crippled, reclusive Roger “Verbal” Kint. Straw man: Misrepresenting an opponent’s stance in order to refute that false argument and create the illusion that one has defeated the opponent.Bandwagon Effect: Asserting that something must be true because everyone says that it is true.Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc (also known as Post Hoc): Identifying false causality, basing a conclusion solely on the chronology of events.Either-Or Fallacy: Creating a false dichotomy to oversimplify a situation.Non Sequitur: Making a jump in logic so that there is no connective tissue from one statement to the next. ![]() Ad Hominem Attacks: Insulting someone’s character to undermine that person, instead of focusing on the strength of the person’s arguments.There are several other examples of intentional informal fallacies: The definition of red herring when used in literature, however, is that it is intentional. In the real world, a red herring may be unintentional (for example, any evidence in a real detective case that later proves to be irrelevant). Thus, even if the evidence is true, and therefore the logic is sound, the reasoning that connects the evidence with the conclusion is faulty. An informal fallacy will often include irrelevant evidence to persuade a reader or listener to believe a false conclusion. While a formal fallacy contains a flaw in logic, an informal fallacy is an argument that often contains a flaw in reasoning. Red herrings are an example of an informal fallacy.
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