Such insecure attachments are not necessarily the result of deliberately bad parenting but are often a byproduct of circumstances. Infants become insecurely attached when care is inconsistent or neglectful these infants tend to respond avoidantly, resistantly, or in a disorganized manner ( Belsky & Pasco Fearon, 2008). Infants become securely attached when their parents respond sensitively to them, reinforcing the infants’ confidence that their parents will provide support when needed. Īlthough nearly all infants develop emotional attachments to their caregivers-parents, relatives, nannies- their sense of security in those attachments varies. The quality of this relationship has an effect on later psychological and social development. One of the first and most important relationships is between mothers and infants. Rather, attachments have evolved in humans because they promote children’s motivation to stay close to those who care for them and, as a consequence, to benefit from the learning, security, guidance, warmth, and affirmation that close relationships provide ( Cassidy, 2008). ![]() Psychologists believe that the development of these attachments is as biologically natural as learning to walk and not simply a byproduct of the parents’ provision of food or warmth. Virtually all infants living in normal circumstances develop strong emotional attachments to those who care for them. This interaction can be observed in the development of the earliest relationships between infants and their parents in the first year. Social and personality development is best understood as the continuous interaction between these social, biological, and representational aspects of psychological development. The third is children’s developing representations of themselves and the social world. The second is biological maturation that supports developing social and emotional competencies and underlies temperamental individuality. ![]() The first is the social context in which each child lives, especially the relationships that provide security, guidance, and knowledge. Understanding social and personality development requires looking at children from three perspectives that interact to shape development. Mostly, we work, play, and live together in groups. How much are we products of nature or nurture? How enduring are the influences of early experiences? The study of social and personality development offers perspective on these and other issues, often by showing how complex and multifaceted are the influences on developing children, and thus the intricate processes that have made you the person you are today ( Thompson, 2006a). In addition, it addresses questions that are at the heart of understanding how we develop as unique people. Social and personality development encompasses these and many other influences on the growth of the person. The answers that readily come to mind include the influences of parents, peers, temperament, a moral compass, a strong sense of self, and sometimes critical life experiences such as parental divorce. “How have I become the kind of person I am today?” Every adult ponders this question from time to time.
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